Gambling is an addictive activity with social and economic repercussions not just for the gambler but also their loved ones. To accurately assess its public health effects, researchers and policy makers need to weigh all costs and benefits equally.
To this end, a model of the public health impacts of gambling has been constructed. This model encompasses three classes of benefits and costs: financial, labor and health/well-being.
Mental Health Issues
Gambling can have a significant negative impact on the mental health of gamblers. Addiction to it may lead to stress, anxiety, depression and other issues as people become addicted.
Gamblers often see gambling as an escape from their problems or an opportunity to earn more money.
Researchers in the UK have discovered that many young people who are at risk of developing gambling disorder already struggle with mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression.
These issues are frequently connected to poverty, financial issues and a lack of self-care time. These can have detrimental effects on someone’s relationships and career as well. Therefore, it is imperative that anyone with an issue related to gambling receives the assistance they require.
Addictions
Gambling addiction can have devastating consequences, particularly for those struggling with debt issues or other severe problems. It has the potential to destroy relationships, cause issues at home and even ruin careers.
Gambling addiction, like substance abuse, can be treated through therapy and a support network. Options include individual or group therapy as well as peer-based support groups like Gamblers Anonymous.
As part of your treatment, you will need to address your underlying mental health issues and develop coping skills. Doing this can help manage stress, anxiety, and depression and prevent you from turning to gambling for relief.
Furthermore, you will need to learn how to responsibly manage your finances and debts. This can be one of the most challenging parts of recovery but is achievable with the right support and guidance.
Physical Health Issues
Casinos have a significant effect on the physical wellbeing of tribal members and host communities, both positive and negative.
Our qualitative study revealed three likely pathways by which casinos could impact health. These changes are largely driven by economic changes.
Job creation was seen as a beneficial pathway to improved community health, both distantly through increased employment opportunities and proximally by providing additional disposable income for members to use for living expenses such as bills, rent and insurance. Nonetheless, tribal members highlighted the occupational hazard of secondhand smoke exposure in casino environments which they perceived to be an important negative determinant.
Tribal members in our qualitative study reported that casinos have an impact on their community’s food environment and dietary practices through per capita payments, which they use to purchase healthy foods for themselves and their families while at the casino. Furthermore, they discussed how casinos alter the social landscape by changing access to safe places for physical activity and healthy eating through changes to the built environment.
Legality
Gambling in America is a divisive issue. State laws dictate what form of gambling can take place within their borders, how it must be operated, who may gamble and other related matters.
In certain states, gambling establishments that operate for profit and charge fees to enter can be considered business gambling and may constitute a criminal offense.
Laws are strict regarding social gambling events that take place in private locations similar to casinos or racetracks.
Social gatherings that involve betting on a game, or even private animal fights are examples.
According to each state’s criminal anti-gambling law, such activities may be classified as either simple or aggravated gambling.
Problem and pathological gamblers are becoming a growing public health hazard. These gamblers typically face serious mental and physical health issues, are at high risk for addiction, require additional social services, and may be financially strapped.